Cómo hacer una petición HTTP en Javascript?

Introduction

JavaScript is a cross-platform, object-oriented scripting language used to make webpages interactive, mainly used as a frontend technology for building webpages and apps. 

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The interaction between the frontend and backend of websites is made possible through HTTP requests. Functionalities like updating a record in the database, creating a new record, deleting a picture, and so on, all require an interaction between a server and a client to modify data.

HTTP requests can be used to send or receive data from a server side resource. In this snippet, we'll cover the XMLHttpRequest and fetch API to make HTTP requests in JavaScript.

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Here's an example using XMLHttpRequest

var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); 
xhr.open("GET", "https://api.example.com/data.json", true); 
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() { if (xhr.readyState === XMLHttpRequest.DONE && xhr.status === 200) { console.log(xhr.responseText); } }; 
xhr.send();

And here's an example using fetch API

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fetch("https://api.example.com/data.json")
.then(response => response.json())
.then(data => console.log(data))
.catch(error => console.error(error));